Tawney argues that real equality is not just about giving everyone the same chance, but it is about making sure people have the means to take that chance. He takes aim at the idea that capitalism offers ‘equality of opportunity’, saying it is a hollow promise if people are stuck in poverty, poor education or bad housing. He believes freedom only means something when people have the resources to use it. Tawney calls for a society where wealth and power are not concentrated at the top, and where public services such as education and healthcare lift everyone up. His big ideal is that equality is not just fairer, but it is essential for a decent, democratic society.