Valero and Van Reenen argue that the UK’s long term economic stagnation is marked by weak productivity and underinvestment and requires a strategic shift toward sustainable, innovation led growth. They propose a modern industrial strategy that embeds green investment at its core, targeting sectors like clean energy, infrastructure, and advanced manufacturing. The authors emphasise the need for coordinated public private action, tailored incentives and institutional reform to crowd in private capital and deliver net zero goals. Green industrial policy, they contend, is not just climate strategy but it is economic renewal, resilience building, and a route to inclusive prosperity.